The so-called power chip, which is an integrated circuit used in power system, is mainly used for power conversion, distribution and detection, etc. The power chip is mainly responsible for stabilizing, filtering, adjusting and protecting the input voltage in the circuit to ensure that electronic equipment can work normally, and it is a very common chip product.

According to the working principle, power supply chips include linear power supply chips and switching power supply chips. The linear power supply chip realizes voltage regulation through resistor voltage division or operational amplifier, which has high stability and reliability. Taking the linear power supply chip as an example, it is a power supply chip that uses linear adjustment to stabilize the output voltage. It is mainly composed of transformer, rectifier circuit, filter and voltage stabilizing circuit. When the input voltage or load changes, the linear power supply chip keeps the output voltage stable by adjusting the component parameters (such as resistors and transistors) in the voltage stabilizing circuit. The main performance parameters of linear power supply chip include input voltage range, output voltage range, output current capacity, efficiency, voltage stabilization accuracy and so on, which determine the application range and performance of linear power supply chip. Linear power supply chips are widely used in occasions that require high power quality, such as audio equipment, precision instruments, portable equipment and so on.

Different from the linear power supply chip, the switching power supply chip realizes voltage regulation through the switching action of the switch tube, converts the input power supply into pulses through the high-frequency switching circuit, and then obtains a stable output voltage through the transformer, rectification filter and voltage stabilizing circuit, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and stability. According to the function classification, it has voltage regulation chip, voltage reference chip, switching power supply chip, battery charging management chip and power supply detection chip. The voltage regulator chip is used for voltage output regulation, the voltage reference chip provides accurate voltage reference, the battery charging management chip realizes battery charging management, and the power supply detection chip detects the state of power supply input and output. The power supply chip can be used for consumer electronic power supply, industrial control power supply, automobile electronic power supply, communication power supply, etc.

Power chip is usually composed of switches, regulators, feedback circuits and other parts. The composition of different chip schemes may be different. These parts work together to ensure that the power chip can convert the external input electric energy into a stable output voltage. The power chip first receives power from an external power supply through the input terminal, and after receiving the voltage, it will detect the input voltage. This step can be realized by the voltage detection module in the circuit, which can detect the input voltage and feed back the detection result to the control circuit. The control circuit controls the state of the switch according to the detection result of the input voltage, and the switch is responsible for controlling the connection and disconnection of the power supply according to the control signal to realize the control of the input voltage. When there is a big difference between the input voltage and the output voltage, the switch will connect the input voltage to the circuit for stable conversion, and when the input voltage is close to or equal to the output voltage, the switch will disconnect the input voltage to prevent overload.

The output end of the power chip is provided with a voltage regulator, which is mainly composed of a regulating circuit. The adjusting circuit can adjust the output voltage according to the input voltage to achieve stable output. When the regulator works, it will adjust the output voltage according to the control signal provided by the feedback circuit, so as to make it stable at the set target value. The feedback circuit is a very important part of the power chip.

It detects the output voltage and compares the detection result with the set target value. If the output voltage is greater than the set target value, the feedback circuit will send a signal to the switch and regulator, so that they can reduce the input voltage and adjust the output voltage accordingly. If the output voltage is less than the set target value, the feedback circuit will send a signal to the switch and regulator to increase the input voltage and adjust the output voltage accordingly. Through constant feedback adjustment, the feedback circuit can stabilize the output voltage at the set target value.

The power supply chip usually has the function of stabilizing voltage. By stabilizing the input voltage, the output voltage can be kept within a specified range to ensure the normal operation of other circuits. Filtering function, which is to filter the input voltage, remove the noise and clutter, and ensure the stability and ripple of the output voltage. Voltage regulation function, which regulates the output voltage as needed, and changes the output voltage by controlling the feedback loop inside the power chip to meet the voltage requirements of different circuits. In the working process, the circuit can be protected in many ways, including overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, etc. When the input voltage or output current exceeds the set range, the power supply is cut off in time to protect the circuit from damage.

From the perspective of market trends and development, power chips are developing towards environmental protection, miniaturization, low power consumption, high performance, high stability and reliability, customization, etc. The demand for power management chips in electronic systems is increasing rapidly, and efficient and reliable power management solutions are very important for circuit systems.

When selecting power chips, the following factors should be considered in purchasing, such as input and output voltage range, margin, and voltage fault tolerance of the circuit. According to the actual layout and size limitation of the application, the package type should be selected, and the power consumption and efficiency must be considered, and the appropriate over-voltage protection, over-current protection and over-temperature protection chips should be selected, and the reliability and stability should be considered.